Morfologia urbana e informalidade: a busca da identidade local

Silvia Spolaor, Vítor Oliveira

Resumo


A morfologia urbana é usada frequentemente em cidades históricas europeias para traçar suas origens e contextos, identificar suas escalas e dimensões, reconhecer os agentes que as moldaram e para planejar e traçar o futuro. A utilização de alguns de seus conceitos dominantes em cidades do Sul global é mais restrita, apesar de sua aplicabilidade comprovada por diversos estudos. Em contextos não-planeados, as abordagens processual-tipológica e sintaxe espacial têm sido utilizadas com mais frequência. Esses estudos contribuem para preencher a lacuna identificada em estudos de informalidade, já que, apesar das diversas pesquisas publicadas, ainda são poucas aquelas direcionadas a compreender a composição das suas formas urbanas. Propondo a análise morfológica como ferramenta para entender não apenas as formas, mas também a identidade local dos assentamentos, o artigo contribui para uma perspectiva de planejamento urbano pautada pela pluralidade. A partir de diversos estudos de cidades comuns, situadas em diferentes partes do mundo, propõe-se um exercício urbanístico de aprendizagem por meio das formas urbanas informais. O esforço de compreender o mundo do particular para o geral convida o planejamento urbano a rever os seus entendimentos universalistas de desenvolvimento e modernidade, e a pensar de que modo uma visão baseada na forma – seja ela planejada ou não – pode contribuir para uma nova agenda urbana.

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