AVALIAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE PRÁTICAS DE MANEJO SÍTIO ESPECÍFICO APLICADAS À PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS NA REGIÃO DE RIO VERDE (GO)
Abstract
Palavras-chave: Agricultura de precisão; Gestão ambiental; Avaliação de impactos ambientais; Desenvolvimento sustentável; APOIA-NovoRural.
ABSTRACT
Precision Agriculture (PA) is being defined as the set of agricultural practices that consider the fine spatial variability in the field and, accordingly, carry out site-specific management of inputs and resources. It is a response to a market demanding increasing production volumes with lower prices, and concerned with sustainable development. Aiming at checking the potential of PA to favor this latter objective, an assessment of grain crops production was carried out in rural establishments dedicated or not to PA practices, in the Rio Verde region (Goiás, Brazil). The analysis applied the ‘System for Weighed Environmental Impact Assessment of New Rural Activities’ (APOIA-NovoRural) which consists of a set of 62 indicators, integrated in five sustainability dimensions: (i) Landscape Ecology; (ii) Environmental Quality (atmosphere, water and soil); (iii) Sociocultural Values; (iv) Economic Values; and (v) Management and Administration. The results pointed out important contributions of the studied rural establishments to local sustainable development, owing to several managerial and organizational procedures observed. In general, impact indices were above the baseline sustainability level for most indicators, in all assessment dimensions, resulting in favorable environmental performances for the studied establishments. The main contrast between rural establishments that apply or not PA practices referred to soil chemistry management, with PA favoring correction of potential acidity, thus promoting increase in the cation saturation and allowing higher levels of productivity. The results attest the role of PA for promoting the environmental parformance of rural establishments, with special reference to soil quality.
Key words: Precision agriculture; Best management practices; Environmental impact assessment; Sustainable development; APOIA-NovoRural.